EE511 FALL 1996

INTRODUCTION TO ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

PROJECTS

Students will be able to access Labs rooms: 591 AH and 581 AH during normal working hours except for: (591) MTWR from 2pm to 5pm: (581) TWR from 2pm to 5pm.

PROJECT 1: SPREAD SPECTRUM SNR DEMONSTRATED IN MATLAB

Each student randomly picks an integer number between -10 and 10. The resulting numbers are recorded and split into two sequences, A[n] and B[n]. Half the class treats the A sequence as the target sequence and B as the noise sequence. The other half of the class treats B as target and A as noise. Using MATLAB, Mathematica, Maple, etc., the students detect their target sequence and suppress their noise sequence using spread spectrum technique.

PROJECT 2: BANDPASS FILTER DETECTION OF WAVE BURST

Students will design a build a square wave generator circuit which will send a finite number (i.e., burst) of pulses into a bandpass filter. A diode detector is used to detect the burst.

Center frequency is assigned by group
Q=10
C=0.001, 0.01 or 0.1 microfarads
Bandpass gain is -1
IP #2 groups
GROUP FREQUENCY MEMBERS
1 4 Khz Matt Carter, Teri Lochard, Susan Ruth
2 6 Khz Eric Blom, Joe Eaton, Laura Patton
3 8 Khz Robert Palmer, Sami Boustany, Jamie McDaniel
4 10 Khz Lesley Stevenson, Bill Lunsford, and Tim Morris
5 12 Khz Arnaldo Barbacone, Joel ???
6 14 Khz Larry Goins, John Fleming, Jeremy Holt
7 16 Khz Joe Porter
8 18 Khz Ryan Jennings, Tracy Trowel, Kenny Agent
9 20 Khz Bryan Rice, Tony Russel, Brandon Skaggs
10 22 Khz Shanti R., Alfian Abd Rashid, Kung Hung.Keat
11 24 Khz Demuri Abeysiriwardena, U.C.R Fernando, S.P. Wickramarachi
12 26 Khz Ted Swansegar, Geg Hugenberg

Part # Distributer Dist Part# Quant. $EACH $TOTAL DESCRIPT.
LM556 Jameco 24328 1 $0.49 $0.49 Dual 555 Timer
LF347 Jameco 22904 2 $0.79 $1.58 Quad Jfet Op Amp
Switch Jameco 26622 1 $0.45 $0.45 Push button switch (n.o.)
0.001 microf Jameco 26833 6 $0.09 $0.54 .001 microf capacitor
0.01 microf Jameco 26884 6 $0.11 $0.66 .01 microf capacitor
0.1 microf Jameco 33486 6 $0.15 $0.90 .1 microf capacitor
2Kohm Trim Jameco 43043 1 $0.79 $0.79 trim potentiometer
5Kohm Trim Jameco 43078 1 $0.79 $0.79 trim potentiometer
10Kohm Trim Jameco 43001 1 $0.79 $0.79 trim potentiometer
20Kohm Trim Jameco 43051 1 $0.79 $0.79 trim potentiometer
2N2222A Jameco 38236 2 $0.45 $0.90 General Purpose NPN Transistor
2N2907A Jameco 38279 2 $0.29 $0.90 General Purpose PNP Transistor
1N4003 Jameco 76970 1 $.06 $0.06 diode
1 microf Jameco 29831 2 $0.10 $0.20 1 microf capacitor
10 microf Jameco 29891 2 $0.10 $0.20 10 microf capacitor
47 microf Jameco 31114 2 $0.15 $0.30 47 microf capacitor





PROJECT 3: DIGITAL COUNTING OF PULSES

Design and build a circuit to digitize, count and display pulses generated in Project 2. IP #3 will include the IP#2 circuitry.
IP #3 groups
GROUP FREQUENCY MEMBERS
1 4 Khz Matt Carter, Teri Lochard, Susan Ruth
2 6 Khz Eric Blom, Joe Eaton, Laura Patton
3 8 Khz Robert Palmer, Sami Boustany, Jamie McDaniel
4 10 Khz Lesley Stevenson, Bill Lunsford, and Tim Morris
5 12 Khz Arnaldo Barbacone, Joel ???
6 14 Khz Larry Goins, John Fleming, Jeremy Holt
7 16 Khz Joe Porter
8 18 Khz Ryan Jennings, Tracy Trowel, Kenny Agent
9 20 Khz Bryan Rice, Tony Russel, Brandon Skaggs
10 22 Khz Shanti R., Alfian Abd Rashid, Kung Hung.Keat
11 24 Khz Demuri Abeysiriwardena, U.C.R Fernando, S.P. Wickramarachi
12 26 Khz Ted Swansegar, Geg Hugenberg
Part # Distributer Dist Part# Quant. $EACH $TOTAL DESCRIPT.
CD4510 Jameco 13465 2 $0.69 $1.38 BCD up/down counter
CD4511 Jameco 13493 2 $0.69 $1.38 BCD to 7 seg latch/decoder/driver
7 SEG. DISPLAY Jameco 17187 2 $1.19 $2.38 7 seg display (20ma)
Switch Jameco 26622 1 $0.45 $0.45 Push button switch (n.o.)





PROJECT 4: OPTICAL SIGNAL TRANSMISSION

The objective of IP #4 is to build and test an optical communications link. The transmitter will transmit a square wave at the groups primary frequency and 10 additional measurements will be made uniformly between 1,000Hz and 1,000,000Hz. A square wave generator may be used for this measurement. The receiver will receive this wave form and isolate it from ambient and overhead lighting interference. IP #3 does not require previous IP circuitry. There are two types of transmitters used, LED's and LASER DIODES. Each group will choose which transmitter to use for IP#4. The following is the required measurements for these different transducers.
1. BOTH LED and LASER transmitters will measure a MAGNITUDE RESPONSE bode diagram for their systems: The students will make measurements at their specific frequency as well as 10 frequencies uniformly distributed between 1Khz and 1Mhz. To do this the students will set up a wide band bandpass filter comprised of a highpass filter with cutoff at 1Khz and gain of 1.41, and a low pass filter of cutoff of 1Mhz. The distance between the transmitter and receiver will be determined by the students, but typically no more than the length of one lab table. Instructor must observe this measurement.
2.a. LED transmitter BEAM PATTERN: No lens is used. The students will make measurements at their specific frequency only. Measurements are made NONUNIFORMLY from 90 degrees to -90 degrees where 0 degrees represents the maximum transmission direction. Typically, students rotate the transmitter on top of polar graph paper. More measurements are made in the region of the maximum beam response than in the sidelobe regions. When the beam pattern is graphed, the peak of the main lobe is scaled to a constant value and other values are plotted relative from this. The beam spread angle is the angle between values having 0.707 magnitude of the main lobe peak. Be sure to record the peak to peak voltage measurements made at each angle. Instructor must observe data but observation of the experiment is not necessary.
2.b. LASER transmitter BEAM PATTERN: There is no reason to rotate and measure the beam pattern of the LASER. Instead, either the transmitter or receiver is laterally translated, in mm, to measure the beam profile. The magnitude is recorded on a rectangular grid. The students should spread the beam, if they have a lens, to about 5 cm wide. If No lens is used then finer measurements should be made. The students will make measurements at their specific frequency only. Measurements are made in increments close enough to indicate the first two spatial harmonics of the laser. There should be two sets of measurements representing the rectangular symmetry if the beam footprint. Be sure to record the peak to peak voltage measurements made at each lateral position. Instructor must observe data but observation of the experiment is not necessary.
3. BOTH LASER and LED systems will have their maximum range measured, limited by the size of the lab that they are measured in. Lenses are to be used in this part of the experiment. Instructor must observe this measurement.
IP #4 groups
GROUP FREQUENCY MEMBERS
1 4 Khz Matt Carter, Teri Lochard, Susan Ruth
2 6 Khz Eric Blom, Joe Eaton, Laura Patton
3 8 Khz Robert Palmer, Sami Boustany, Jamie McDaniel
4 10 Khz Lesley Stevenson, Bill Lunsford, and Kabir R. Ahmed
5 12 Khz Arnaldo Barbacone, Joel ???
6 14 Khz Larry Goins, John Fleming, Jeremy Holt
7 16 Khz Joe Porter
8 18 Khz Ryan Jennings, Tracy Trowel, Kenny Agent
9 20 Khz Bryan Rice, Tony Russel, Brandon Skaggs
10 22 Khz Shanti R., Alfian Abd Rashid, Kung Hung.Keat
11 24 Khz Demuri Abeysiriwardena, U.C.R Fernando, S.P. Wickramarachi
12 26 Khz Ted Swansegar, Greg Hugenberg
Part # Distributer Dist Part# Quant. $EACH $TOTAL DESCRIPT.
Plastic Lens Edmonds 36,241 ? $2.00 $? 3X/5X Magnifier, 3X is 1.75d x 1f
RED LED Jameco 11797 ? $0.25 $? RED LED 160mcd@20ma
BRIGHT LED Jameco 131895 ? $2.49 $? Bright LED 7000mcd@20ma
IR LED Jameco 106526 ? $0.45 $? Infra-red LED (940nm)
IR DET Jameco 112168 ? $0.45 $? Infra-red Detector (940nm)





FINAL PROJECT: THE OPTICAL TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER CONTEST

The results of the final contest are below. Most of the successful groups used the LASER diode and easily attained about a 200 foot shooting distance. However the lasers were very difficult to aim because of their narrow beam pattern. Most of the problems were in detecting the received signal and converting it to a single digital pulse.
Contest results in order of rank for the THREE TOP GROUPS
GROUP MEMBERS
9 Bryan Rice, Tony Russel, Brandon Skaggs
6 Larry Goins, John Fleming, Jeremy Holt
3 Robert Palmer, Sami Boustany, Jamie McDaniel




Honorable mention

GROUP MEMBERS
2 Eric Blom, Joe Eaton, Laura Patton




Group Photos

Brandon Skaggs, Bryan Rice, Tony Russel

Laura Patton,Eric Blom, Joe Eaton

Jamie McDaniel, Sami Boustany, Robert Palmer

GENERAL PARTS NEEDED FOR COURSE

POWER SUPPLY

There are several ways to set up power for your projects. They include wall adapters, battery power and general purpose power supplies(usually only available in the labs). We can loan you wall 12VDC adapter power supplies but you must provide the 1/8" or 3.5mm female connectors and probably regulate the voltage on your boards. Wall adapters are none regulated so a 12 VDC adapter, for example, delivers 18VDC at small loads. These adapters are isolated so two can be put in series to get +/- 12 VDC.
Part # Distributer Dist Part# Quant. $EACH $TOTAL DESCRIPT.
7805T Jameco 51262 ? $0.45 $? +5 Volt Regulator
7812T Jameco 51334 ? $0.45 $? +12 Volt Regulator
7905T Jameco 51457 ? $0.49 $? -5 Volt Regulator
7912T Jameco 51481 ? $0.45 $? -12 Volt Regulator
1/8" female Radio Shack ? ? $? $? 1/8" or 3.5mm female (jack)
6VDC Jameco 15544 ? $5.95 $? 6 Volt AC to DC Wall mount Transformer(500ma, 3.5mm male)
9VDC Jameco 15561 ? $5.25 $? 9 Volt AC to DC Wall mount Transformer(500ma, 3.5mm male)
12VDC Jameco 17267 ? $5.95 $? 12 Volt AC to DC Wall mount Transformer(500ma, 3.5mm male)
12VDC Jameco 15392 ? $10.95 $? 12 Volt AC to DC Wall mount Transformer(1000ma, 3.5mm male)





LINEAR ELECTRONICS

Part # Distributer Dist Part# Quant. $EACH $TOTAL DESCRIPT.
LM556 Jameco 24328 1 $0.49 $0.49 Dual 555 Timer
LF347 Jameco 22904 2 $0.79 $1.58 Quad Jfet Op Amp





DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

digital counters
Part # Distributer Dist Part# Quant. $EACH $TOTAL DESCRIPT.
CD4510 Jameco 13465 2 $0.69 $1.38 BCD up/down counter
CD4511 Jameco 13493 2 $0.69 $1.38 BCD to 7 seg latch/decoder/driver
7 SEG. DISPLAY Jameco 17187 2 $1.19 $2.38 7 seg display (20ma)





DISCRETE COMPONENTS

The are numerous discrete components that you may consider getting. They include the following:
Part # Distributer Dist Part# Quant. $EACH $TOTAL DESCRIPT.
0.001 microf Jameco 26833 ? $0.09 $? .001 microf capacitor
0.01 microf Jameco 26884 ? $0.11 $? .01 microf capacitor
0.1 microf Jameco 33486 ? $0.15 $? .1 microf capacitor
1 microf Jameco 29831 ? $0.10 $? 1 microf capacitor
10 microf Jameco 29891 ? $0.10 $? 10 microf capacitor
47 microf Jameco 31114 ? $0.15 $? 47 microf capacitor
100 microf Jameco 29962 ? $0.19 $? 100 microf capacitor
470 microf Jameco 93809 ? $0.23 $? 470 microf capacitor
2Kohm Trim Jameco 43043 ? $0.79 $? trim potentiometer
5Kohm Trim Jameco 43078 ? $0.79 $? trim potentiometer
10Kohm Trim Jameco 43001 ? $0.79 $? trim potentiometer
20Kohm Trim Jameco 43051 ? $0.79 $? trim potentiometer
2N2222A Jameco 38236 ? $0.45 $? General Purpose NPN Transistor
2N2907A Jameco 38279 ? $0.29 $? General Purpose PNP Transistor
1N4003 Jameco 76970 ? $.06 $?? diode





OPTOELECTRONICS

Radio Shack has been a good source for optical transmitters and optical detectors. In particularly their high powered infra-red diodes have been known to work well.
Part # Distributer Dist Part# Quant. $EACH $TOTAL DESCRIPT.
RED LED Jameco 11797 ? $0.25 $? RED LED 160mcd@20ma
BRIGHT LED Jameco 131895 ? $2.49 $? Bright LED 7000mcd@20ma
IR LED Jameco 106526 ? $0.45 $? Infra-red LED (940nm)
IR DET Jameco 112168 ? $0.45 $? Infra-red Detector (940nm)
Laser Diode Jameco 125284 ? $17.95 $? Class IIIa laser diode
Collimating Lens Jameco 126244 ? $8.95 $? Lens for laser diode
Laser Driver Jameco 126711 ? $9.95 $? Driver for laser diode





OPTICS

Set of Lenses
Part # Distributer Dist Part# Quant. $EACH $TOTAL DESCRIPT.
Plastic Lens Edmonds 36,241 ? $2.00 $? 3X/5X Magnifier, 3X is 1.75d x 1f
Ground Glass Edmonds 43,724 ? $7.45 $? Ground Glass, 50mm x 50mm





MECHANICS


BREAD BOARDING

2 bread boards (must have separable receiver and transmitter). 1 jumper kit is recommended.
Part # Distributer Dist Part# Quant. $EACH $TOTAL DESCRIPT.
BBOARD Jameco 20757 ? $11.49 $? 8.5"x4" Bread Board
BBOARD Jameco 20773 ? $16.95 $? 8.5"x5.1" Bread Board
BBOARD Jameco 20790 ? $19.95 $? 9.1"x6.9" Bread Board
JUMPER KIT Jameco 19289 1 $9.95 $9.95 Jumper kit plus box
REFILL Jameco 20079 ? $7.95 $? Jumper kit refill





PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD CONSTRUCTION

We can print PCBs here but it is usually better if you start out with using predrilled, prepatterned PCB prototyping boards. For small circuits, Radio Shack is a good place to go, for large ones, consider the Jameco PCB below. Also, what really makes a solder iron good is its tip. Interestingly, the cheaper soldering irons seem to have blunt tips and the really expensive solder irons, have small pointy tips. Usually the small pointy tips (i.e., the good tips) will not fit the cheap solder irons. I have not tried the $19.95 solder iron below but from the picture, it appears to have a fairly good tip.
Part # Distributer Dist Part# Quant. $EACH $TOTAL DESCRIPT.
IRON Jameco 102461 ? $3.95 $? 30W Solder Iron
IRON Jameco 129040 ? $19.95 $? 25W Solder Iron with 1.6mm conical tip
STAND Jameco 36329 1 $3.95 $3.95 Solder Iron Stand
SOLDER Jameco 73576 1 $1.75 $1.75 Solder 60/40
PCB Jameco 21434 ? $14.95 $? 4.5"x6.5" prepatterned/drilled PCB





OTHER TOOLS

You will probably need 1 small screw driver, 1 diagonal cutter, 1 long nose pliers, 2 sets of 1x scope probes, 1 wire cutter. Radio Shack tools seem to be OK and are fairly priced. Sears or Ace hardware are good places to buy a small screwdriver. Harbor Tool and Freight is another good place to look for "good deals" on tools.
Part # Distributer Dist Part# Quant. $EACH $TOTAL DESCRIPT.
SCOPE PROBE Jameco 11421 2 $3.49 $6.98 1X Scope Probes
DIAG. CUTTERS Jameco 35481 1 $4.95 $4.95 Diagonal Cutters
LN PLIERS Jameco 35473 1 $4.95 $4.95 Long Nose Pliers
WIRE CUTTER Jameco 78991 1 $3.25 $3.25 Wire Cutter
IC XTR Jameco 16838 1 $1.49 $1.49 IC Extractor