List of
Peer-Reviewed Journal Publications and Recent Presentations
Dr. YuMing
Zhang
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
and Center for Manufacturing
Publications of Dr. Zhang’s Friends
Special Issue on Advanced Sensing, Modelling and Control of Welding Processes
Guest
Editors: Professor Yu Ming Zhang and Professor George E. Cook
Welding Journal Feature Article: Zhang YM, Zhang
SB, “Double-sided arc welding increases weld joint penetration,” Welding
Journal, 77 (6): 57-61, June 1998
Peer-Reviewed
Journal Publications
·
Zhenzhou
Wang and YuMing Zhang, “Brightness based selection
and edge detection based enhancement separation algorithm for low resolution
metal transfer images,” accepted for publication, IEEE Transactions on
Automation Science and Engineering.
·
H.S. Song and Y.M. Zhang, “Measurement
and analysis of three-dimensional specular gas
tungsten arc weld pool surface,” Welding Journal, 87(4): 85s-95s, 2008.
·
K.H. Li, Y.M. Zhang, P.
XU, and F.Q. Yang, “High-strength steel welding with consumable
double-electrode gas metal arc welding,” Welding Journal, 87(3): 57s-64s, 2008.
·
Kehai
Li and Y.M Zhang, “Consumable Double-Electrode GMAW Part II: Monitoring,
Modeling, and Control,” Welding Journal, 87(2): 44s-50s, 2008.
·
Kehai
Li and Y.M Zhang, “Consumable Double-Electrode GMAW Part I: The Process,”
Welding Journal, 87(1): 11s-17s, 2008.
·
Kehai Li and
Y.M. Zhang, “Metal transfer in double-electrode gas metal arc welding,” 129(6):
991-999, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering-Transactions of the
ASME, 2007.
·
HongSheng
Song, YuMing Zhang, “Three-dimensional Reconstruction
of Specular Surface for Gas Tungsten Arc Weld Pool,”
Measurement Science & Technology, 18: 3751-3767, 2007.
·
Hongsheng
Song, YuMing Zhang, “Image processing for measurement
of three-dimensional GTA weld pool surface,” Welding Journal, 86(10):
323s-330s, 2007.
·
Kehai Li,
Jinsong Chen and YuMing
Zhang, “Double-electrode GMAW process and control,” Welding Journal,
86(8)-231s-237s, 2007.
·
G. Saeed and Y.M. Zhang, “Weld pool surface depth
measurement using calibrated camera and structured-light,” Measurement Science
& Technology, 18: 2570-2578, 2007.
·
Y.M. Zhang and Y.C. Liu, “Control of dynamic
keyhole process,” Automatica, 43(5): 876-884, 2007.
·
Zhenzhou
Wang and YuMing Zhang, “Image processing algorithm
for automated monitoring of metal transfer in double-electrode GMAW,”
Measurement Science & Technology, 18: 2048-2058, 2007.
·
Wei Lu, Y.M. Zhang, “Adaptive non-transferred plasma
charge sensor and its applications” Journal of Manufacturing Science and
Engineering-Transactions of the ASME, 129 (1): 180-189, 2007.
·
C.S. Wu, J. Chen, and
Y.M. Zhang, “Numerical analysis of both front- and back-side deformation of
fully penetrated GTAW weld pool,” Computational Materials Science, 39: 635-642,
2007.
·
C.S. Wu, M.X. Zhang, K.H.
Li, and Y.M. Zhang, “Numerical analysis of double-electrode gas metal arc
welding Process” Computational Materials Science, 39: 416-423, 2007.
·
Y.M. Zhang, H.S. Song, and G. Saeed, “Observation of a dynamic specular
weld pool surface,” Measurement Science & Technology, 17 (6): L9-L12, 2006.
·
Wei Lu and YuMing
Zhang, “Robust sensing and control of the weld pool surface,” Measurement
Science & Technology, Vol. 17, 2437-2446, 2006.
·
C.S. Wu, H.G. Wang, and Y.M. Zhang. “A new heat
source model for keyhole plasma arc welding in FEM analysis of the temperature
profile,” Welding Journal, 85(12): 284s-291s, 2006.
·
Joseph Michael Istre,
Yu Ming Zhang, “Predictive generic model control for non-linear interval
systems with application in arc welding,” Special Issue on Advanced Sensing, Modelling and Control of Welding Processes, International
Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control,
1(2): 140-150, 2006.
·
Peiyong Duan, Yu Ming Zhang, “CMAC-based modelling
for HPDDL welding process control,” Special Issue on Advanced Sensing, Modelling and Control of Welding Processes, International
Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control,
1(2): 107-114, 2006.
·
Gohar
Saeed, Yu Ming Zhang, Sarah Cook, “A compact vision
sensor for weld pool surface sensing,” Special Issue on Advanced Sensing, Modelling and Control of Welding Processes, International
Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control,
1(2): 94-100, 2006.
·
P.C. Zhao, C.S. Wu, Y.M. Zhang, “Modelling
the transient behaviours of a fully penetrated
gas-tungsten arc weld pool with surface deformation,” Proceedings of the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B- Journal of Engineering Manufacture,
219 (1): 99-110, 2005.
·
C.
S. Wu, P. C. Zhao, and Y. M. Zhang, “Numerical simulation of transient 3-D
surface deformation of full-penetrated GTA weld pool,” Welding Journal, 83(12):
330s-335s, 2004.
·
G. Wang, G. Huang, and Y. M. Zhang, “Numerical
analysis of metal transfer in gas metal arc welding under modified pulsed
current conditions,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 35(5):
991-999, 2004.
·
W. Lu, Y. M.
Zhang, and W.-Y. Lin, “Nonlinear interval model control of quasi-keyhole arc
welding process,” Automatica, 40(5): 805-813, 2004.
·
W. Lu, Y. M. Zhang, and J. E. Emmerson,
“Sensing of weld pool surface using non-transferred plasma charge sensor,”
Measurement Science and Technology, 15(5): 991-999, 2004.
·
P. C. Zhao, C. S. Wu,
and Y. M. Zhang, “Numerical simulation of dynamic characteristics of weld pool
geometry with step-changes of welding parameters,” Modelling
and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 12(5): 765-780, 2004.
·
C. S. Wu, J. S. Sun,
and Y. M. Zhang, “Numerical simulation of dynamic development of keyhole in
double-sided arc welding,” Modelling and Simulation
in Materials Science and Engineering, 12(3): 423-442, 2004.
·
G. Saeed,
M. J. Lou, and Y. M. Zhang, “Computation of 3D weld pool surface from the slope
field and point tracking of laser beams,” Measurement Science and Technology,
15(2): 389-403, 2004.
·
Y. M. Zhang and Y. C. Liu,
“Modeling and control of quasi-keyhole arc welding process,” Control
Engineering Practice, Award Winning Applications-2002 IFAC World Congress,
11(12): 1401-1411, 2003.
·
G. Saeed and Y. M. Zhang, “Mathematical formulation and
simulation of specular reflection based measurement
system for gas tungsten arc weld pool surface,” Measurement Science and
Technology, 14(8): 1671-1682, 2003.
·
G. Wang, G.
Huang, and Y. M. Zhang, “Numerical analysis of metal transfer in GMAW,”
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 34B(3):
345-353, 2003.
·
J. S. Sun, C. S. Wu, B. L. Dong, and Y. M.
Zhang, “Numerical simulation of keyhole formation during PAW plus TIG
double-sided arc welding,” ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA, 39 (1): 79-84, 2003
·
A.T. Male, Y. W. Chen, C. Pan and Y. M. Zhang,
“Rapid prototyping of sheet metal components by plasma-jet forming,” Journal of
Materials Processing Technology, 135: 340-346, 2003.
·
Y. M. Zhang, Y. W. Chen, P. J. Li and A. T.
Male, “Weld deposition-based rapid prototyping: a preliminary study,” Journal
of Materials Processing Technology, 135: 347-357, 2003.
·
Y. M.
Zhang, S. B. Zhang, and M. Jiang, "Sensing and control of double-sided arc
welding process," Journal of Manufacturing Science and
Engineering-Transactions of the ASME, 124(3):695-701, 2002.
·
Y. M.
Zhang, Liguo E, and B. L. Walcott. "Robust control of pulsed gas metal arc
welding," Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control
-Transactions of the ASME 124(2): 281-289, 2002.
·
Y. M.
Zhang, S. B. Zhang, and M. Jiang, "Keyhole double-sided arc welding
process," Welding Journal, 81(11): 248s-255s, 2002.
·
J. S. Sun, C. S. Wu, and Y. M. Zhang, “Heat
transfer modeling of double-side arc welding,” ACTA PHYSICA SINICA, 51 (2):
286-290, 2002
·
C. X. Pan, Y. M. Zhang, and A. T. Male,
“Solidification microstructural characteristics of
double-sided arc welding,” Acta Metallurgica
Sinica, 38(4): 427-432, 2002.
·
Y. M. Zhang,
P. J. Li, Y. W. Chen, and A. T. Male, "Automated System for Welding Based
Rapid Prototyping," Journal of Mechatronics,
12(1): 37-53, 2002
·
Y. M. Zhang and Y. Ma,
“Stochastic modeling of plasma reflection during keyhole arc welding,”
Measurement Science and Technology, 12(11): 1964-1975, 2001.
·
Y. M. Zhang, S.
B. Zhang, and Y.C. Liu, “Plasma cloud charge sensor for pulse keyhole process
control,” Measurement Science and Technology, 12(8): 1365-1370, 2001.
·
P.
J. Li and Y. M. Zhang, "Robust sensing of arc length," IEEE
Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 50(3): 697-704, 2001.
·
S. B. Zhang and Y. M. Zhang, "Efflux plasma
charge based sensing and control of joint penetration during keyhole plasma arc
welding," Welding Journal, 80(7): 157s-162s, 2001.
·
P. J. Li and
Y. M. Zhang. "Precision sensing of
arc length in GTAW based on arc light spectrum," Journal of Manufacturing
Science and Engineering-Transactions of the ASME, 123(1): 62-65, 2001.
·
Y.
M. Zhang and P. J. Li, "Modified active control of metal transfer and
pulsed GMAW of titanium," Welding Journal, 80(2): 54s-61s, 2001.
·
A.T. Male, P.J. Li, Y.W. Chen, and Y. M. Zhang,
“Flexible forming of sheet metal using plasma arc,” Journal of Materials
Processing Technology, 115(1): 61-64, Special Issue August 22, 2001.
·
Y. M. Zhang, C. Pan, and A. T. Male, “Welding of
austenitic stainless steel using double-sided arc welding process,” Materials
Science and Technology, 17(11): 1280-1284, 2001.
·
Y. M. Zhang, C. X.
Pan, and A. T. Male, "Improvement of microstructures and properties of
6061 aluminum alloy weldments using double-sided arc
welding process," Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol.
31A(10): 2537-2543, 2000.
·
A.T.Male, C. Pan, Y.W.Chen, and Y.M.Zhang,
"Processing Effects in Plasma Forming of Sheet Metal," CIRP Annals,
Vol. 49, pp. 213-216, 2000.
·
P. J. Li and Y.
M. Zhang, "Analysis of arc light mechanism and its application in sensing
of GTAW process," Welding Journal, 79(9): 252s-260s, 2000.
·
Z.X. Han, B.L. Walcott, Y.M. Zhang, and G. Feng, "State feedback H-infinity controller design for
fuzzy dynamic systems," Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, 8(4):
261-273, 2000.
·
Y. M. Zhang and Liguo
E, "Numerical analysis of dynamic growth of droplet in GMAW," Journal
of Mechanical Engineering Science, 214(10): 1247-1258, 2000.
·
Y. M. Zhang and S. B. Zhang. "Stability of keyhole in plasma arc
welding," Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 214(5): 401-405, 2000.
·
Y. M. Zhang, S. B. Zhang, M. Jiang, and L. Wu,
"Keyhole double-sided arc welding process," Journal of Materials
Science & Technology, 17(1): 159-160, 2000.
·
A.T. Male, Y. W. Chen, P. J. Li, and Y. M.
Zhang, "Plasma-jet forming of sheet metal shapes," Journal of
Materials Science & Technology, 17(1): 115-116, 2000.
·
Y. M. Zhang, C. X. Pan, and A. T. Male,
"Solidification behavior of Al-Mg aluminum alloy using double-sided arc
welding process," Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 19, pp.
831-833, 2000.
·
P. J. Li, Y. W. Chen, A. T. Male, and Y. M.
Zhang. "Flexible forming of sheet
metal using plasma arc," Journal of Engineering Manufacture, Vol. 214, pp.
117-125, 2000.
·
Y. M. Zhang
and Q. M. Zhu, “Selecting optimal ARMA order by a minimum spectrum distance
criterion,” International Journal of Systems Science, 30(2): 223-237, 1999.
·
Y. M. Zhang
and L. Li, “Interval model based robust control of weld joint penetration,”
Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering-Transactions of the ASME,
121(3): 425-433, 1999.
·
Y. M. Zhang
and S. B. Zhang. "Welding aluminum
alloy 6061 with opposing dual torch GTAW process," Welding Journal, 78(6):
202s-206s, 1999.
·
Y. M. Zhang and S. B.
Zhang. “Observation
of keyhole during plasma arc welding,” Welding Journal, 78(2): 53s-58s,
1999.
·
Y. M. Zhang and R. Kovacevic, “Neurofuzzy model
based control of weld fusion zone geometry," IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy
Systems, 6(3): 389-401, 1998.
·
S. B.
Zhang, Y. M. Zhang, and R. Kovacevic, “Non-contact
ultrasonic sensing for seam tracking in arc welding processes,” Journal of
Manufacturing Science and Engineering-Transactions of the ASME, 120(3): 600-608, 1998.
·
Z.
N. Cao, Y. M. Zhang, R. Kovacevic, "Numerical
dynamic analysis of moving GTA weld pools," Journal of Manufacturing
Science and Engineering-Transactions of the ASME, 120(1): 173-178, 1998.
·
Y. M. Zhang, Liguo E, and R. Kovacevic,
“Active metal transfer control by monitoring excited droplet oscillation,”
Welding Journal, 77(9): 388s-395s, 1998.
·
Y. M. Zhang, “Identification of the
multivariable interval dynamic model from measurements in frequency domain,”
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical
Engineering Science, 212(7): 595-604, 1998.
·
R. Kovacevic
and Y. M. Zhang, "Neurofuzzy model-based weld
fusion state estimation," IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 17(2): 30-42,
1997.
·
Y. M.
Zhang and R. Kovacevic, “Robust control of interval
plants: A time domain method,” IEE P-CONTR THEOR AP 144 (4): 347-353
JUL 1997.
·
Y. X. Yao, Y. M. Zhang, and R. Kovacevic, "Functional observer and state feedback for
input time-delay systems," International Journal of Control, 66(4):
603-617, 1997.
·
Y.
M. Zhang, L. Li, and R. Kovacevic, "Dynamic
estimation of full penetration using geometry of adjacent weld pools,"
Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering-Transactions of the ASME,
119(4): pp. 631-643, 1997.
·
Y. M. Zhang, and R. Kovacevic, "Real-time sensing of sag geometry during
GTA welding," Journal of Manufacturing Science and
Engineering-Transactions of the ASME, 119(2): 151-160, 1997.
·
R. Kovacevic,
Y. M. Zhang, "Real-time image processing for monitoring of free weld pool
surface," Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering-Transactions of
the ASME, 119(2): 161-169, 1997.
·
Y. M. Zhang, R. Kovacevic, and L. Li, "Adaptive control of full
penetration GTA welding," IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,
4(4): 394-403, 1996.
·
R. Kovacevic, Y. X.
Yao, and Y. M. Zhang, "Observer parametrization
for simultaneous observation," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,
41(2): 255-259, 1996.
·
Y. X. Yao, Y. M. Zhang, and R. Kovacevic, "Parameterization of observers for
time-delay systems and its application in observer design," IEE
Proceedings Part D: Control Theory and Applications, 143(3): 225-232, 1996.
·
Y. M. Zhang, R. Kovacevic, and L. Wu, "Dynamic analysis and
identification of gas tungsten arc welding process for full penetration
control," Journal of Engineering for Industry -Transactions of the ASME,
118(1): 123-136, 1996.
·
R. Kovacevic,
Z. N. Cao, and Y. M. Zhang, "Roles of welding parameters in determining
the geometrical appearance of weld pool," Journal of Engineering Materials
and Technology -Transactions of the ASME, 118(4): 589-596, 1996.
·
Y. M. Zhang, Z. N. Cao, and R. Kovacevic, "Numerical analysis of fully penetrated
weld pools in GTA welding," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical
Engineers, Part C, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 210(2): 187-195,
1996.
·
Y. M.
Zhang, R. Kovacevic, and L. Li,
"Characterization and real-time measurement of geometrical appearance of
weld pool," International Journal of Machine Tool and Manufacturing,
36(7): 799-816, 1996.
·
R. Kovacevic, and Y. M. Zhang, "Sensing free surface of
arc weld pool using specular reflection: principle
and analysis," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,
Part B, Journal of Engineering Manufacturing, 210(6): 553-564, 1996.
·
R. Kovacevic,
Y. M. Zhang, and L. Li, "Monitoring of weld penetration based on weld pool
geometrical appearance," Welding Journal, 75(10): 317s-329s, 1996.
·
R. Kovacevic, Y. M. Zhang, and S. Ruan,
"Sensing and control of weld pool geometry for automated GTA
welding," Journal of Engineering for Industry -Transactions of the ASME,
117(2): 210-222, 1995.
·
R. Kovacevic, R.
Mohan, and Y. M. Zhang," Cutting force dynamics as a tool for surface
profile monitoring in abrasive waterjet
cutting," Journal of Engineering for Industry - Transactions of the ASME
117(3): 340-350, 1995.
·
R. Kovacevic and Y. M.
Zhang, "Machine vision recognition of weld pool in GTAW," Proceedings
of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering
Manufacture, 208(B2): 141-152, 1995.
·
R. Kovacevic, L. Q.
Wang and Y. M. Zhang, "Identification of abrasive waterjet
nozzle wear based on parametric spectrum estimation," Proceedings of the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering
Manufacture, Vol. 208, pp. 173-181, 1994.
·
H. Beardsley, Y. M. Zhang and R. Kovacevic, "Infrared sensing of welding parameters for
weld penetration control," International Journal of Machine Tool and
Manufacturing, 34(8): 1079-1090, 1994.
·
Y. M.
Zhang, L. Wu, B. L. Walcott, and D. H. Chen, "Determining joint
penetration in GTAW with vision sensing of weld-face geometry," Welding
Journal, 72(10): 463s-469s, 1993.
·
R. Kovacevic, R. Mohan
and Y. M. Zhang, "Stochastic modeling of surface texture generated by high
energy jets," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part
B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, Vol. 207, pp. 129-140,1993.
·
Y. M. Zhang, R. Kovacevic,
and L. Wu, "Closed-loop control of weld penetration using front-face
vision sensing," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,
Part I, Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, Vol. 207, pp. 27-34, 1993.
·
Y. M. Zhang, R. Kovacevic,
and L. Wu, "Sensitivity of torch-side weld geometry in representing the
full penetration," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical
Engineers, Part B: Journal of
Engineering Manufacture, Vol. 206, pp. 191-197, 1992
·
R. Kovacevic and Y. M.
Zhang, "Identification of surface characteristics from large
samples," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Vol. 206, pp. 275-284, 1992.
·
B. L. Walcott, Y. M. Zhang and Z. X. Fu,
"Optimized robust adaptive estimation of flux and torque in electric
drives," Electrical Machines and Power Systems, Vol. 20, 641-660, 1992.
·
Y. M.
Zhang and L. Wu, "Adaptive estimation of residual initials for dynamic
modeling," Acta Automatica
Sinica, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1991. (In Chinese)
·
Y. M.
Zhang, L. Wu, L. Li, D. H. Chen, and J. G. Liu, "Determination of top-side
weld penetration monitoring parameters in TIG welding," Transactions of
China Welding Institute, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1991. (In Chinese)
·
Y. M.
Zhang, "Relative additional error criteria for experimental design,"
Automation Tech. & Applications, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1991. (In Chinese)
·
Y. M.
Zhang, "Least squares estimation for initial residuals," Automation
Tech. & Applications, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1991. (In Chinese)
·
Y. M.
Zhang, L. Wu, L. Li, and D. H. Chen, "Adaptive control of weld penetration
based on vision: Part I," Welding and Joining, No. 11, 1990. (In Chinese)
·
Y. M.
Zhang, L. Wu, L. Li, and D. H. Chen, "Adaptive control of weld penetration
based on vision: Part II," Welding and Joining, No. 12, 1990. (In Chinese)
·
Y. M.
Zhang, and L. Wu, "Reduced model of structured-light three-dimensional
vision sensor for real-time control of welding process," Journal of Harbin
Institute of Technology. No. 6, 1990. (In Chinese)
·
Y. M.
Zhang, and L. Wu, "Maximum principle of slope difference for extracting
the feature points of weld-laser-stripe axes," Journal of Harbin Institute
of Technology, No. 5, 1990. (In Chinese)
·
Y. M.
Zhang, and G. Y. Wu, "The sensitivity of ARMA modelling
procision to zero position and modification of
parameter estimate," Control and Decision, No. 1, 1988. (In Chinese)
·
L. Wu,
Q. X. Xu, Y. M. Zhang, and E. Liguo,
"The design of HY-I robotic welding system," Transactions of China
Welding Institute, No. 3, 1987. (In Chinese)
·
Y. M.
Zhang, and G. Y. Wu, "Exact recursive algorithm for linear difference
model parameters in order increasing," Journal of Harbin Institute of
Technology, No. 4, 1987. (In Chinese)
·
G. Y.
Wu, and Y. M. Zhang, "High precision prediction of epidemic encephalogelitic in large area," Information and
Control, No. 2, 1985. (In Chinese)
·
Q. Y.
Fan, and Y. M. Zhang, "Application of dynamic system identification to
prediction of epidemics," Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, No.
2, 1985. (In Chinese)
·
Q. Y.
Fan, and Y. M. Zhang, "A study of feasibility about modeling stationary
random series by AR models," Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,
Control Engineering Special, 1985. (In Chinese)
·
Q. Y.
Fan, and Y. M. Zhang, "A preliminary study on AR modeling,"
Automation Tech. & Applications, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1984. (In Chinese)
·
G. Y.
Wu, and Y. M. Zhang, "A method for improving the measurement accuracy of
accelerometer," Automation Tech. & Applications, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1982.
(In Chinese)
Recent
Presentations and Reports
1.
Final Report: A preliminary study of
double-sided arc welding process in ship structure manufacturing.
National Shipbuilding Research Program, February 28, 2003.
2.
A preliminary study of double-sided arc welding
process in ship structure manufacturing, National Shipbuilding Research Program
(NSRP) SP-7 Meeting, August 21-22, 2002.
3.
Dynamic
behaviors of plasma reflection during keyhole arc welding, 6th
International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, 15-19 April, 2002, Pine
Mountain, GA.
4. Metallurgical
Characteristics of double-sided arc welding in high strength structural steels,
6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, 15-19
April, 2002, Pine Mountain, GA.
5. Double-sided arc welding, NSF Manufacturing Grantees’
Conference, January 2002.
6. Control of gas tungsten arc weld pool surface, NSF
Manufacturing Grantees’ Conference, January 2002.